Sonargaon is an ancient and historic city of Bangladesh, located in Narayanganj district. It was once the capital of Bengal and was renowned as a commercial and cultural center under Muslim sultans’ rule. The name Sonargaon means “Golden Village,” reflecting its ancient and rich history.
Ancient Era
Sonargaon has a rich history dating back to ancient times. It was ruled by Buddhist, Hindu, and Muslim rulers. Sonargaon was known as Suvarnagrama in ancient times and was a major commercial center of Bengal.
Medieval Era
A significant chapter in Sonargaon’s history is the medieval period. It emerged as a major city of Bengal Sultanate towards the end of the 13th century and the beginning of the 14th century. It was governed by Sultan Shamsuddin Firuz Shah, Sultan Giyasuddin Azam Shah, and Sultan Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah.
Sultanate Period
During the Sultanate period, Sonargaon was the capital of Bengal and transformed into a center of commerce, industry, and culture. It was a hub for trade, and various commercial activities were conducted here. It flourished under the rule of Musa Khan and became known as a prosperous city.
Mughal Period
During the Mughal period, Sonargaon’s importance declined somewhat as Emperor Akbar shifted the capital of Bengal to Dhaka. However, it retained its significance as a commercial and cultural center.
Colonial Period
In the colonial period, Sonargaon remained a minor town, but its historical importance and archaeological remains were preserved. Many historical sites in Sonargaon were reconstructed and conserved during British rule.
Modern Era
In the modern era, Sonargaon has transformed into a significant tourist center in Bangladesh. It houses the Bangladesh Folk Art and Crafts Foundation and the Sonargaon Museum, where various ancient artifacts and handicrafts are displayed.
Panam City
Panam City is a historic city located in Sonargaon Upazila of Narayanganj district. It was one of the major ancient commercial centers of Bengal. Panam City is nearly 400 years old and was once under the rule of Bengal Muslim sultans. The city is now recognized as an archaeological site and attracts tourists.
Architecture Style: The architecture style of Panam City is highly attractive. Here, you can see a blend of ancient Bengali construction style with Mughal and colonial architecture. The main attraction of the city is Panam Nagar, where approximately 52 old mansions made of bricks can be found. These mansions were built for both commercial and residential purposes.
Places of Interest: Panam Nagar is one of the main attractions of Panam City. Here, you can see approximately 52 mansions built towards the end of the 19th century. These mansions were built for both commercial and residential purposes. The architectural style of the mansions and the construction style can attract tourists.
- Bara Sardar Bari: Located near Panam City in Baradi village, this mansion provides a fascinating insight into the history and culture of ancient Bengal. Various types of historical evidence and architectural styles can be observed here.
- Goaldi Mosque: Built in the 15th century, this mosque is one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture. Intricate carvings inside and outside the mosque attract tourists.
- Panam Bridge: An ancient bridge in Panam City that facilitated communication within the city. This bridge is now a popular spot for tourists.
Tips for Visiting Panam City
- Timing: It’s best to visit Panam City early in the morning to avoid crowds and explore everything at your leisure.
- Panam City Museum: Located near Panam City, this museum houses various artifacts related to the history and culture of ancient Bengal. Visiting here will provide a deeper understanding of the history of Panam City.
- Photography: Every architectural work and mansion in Panam City is highly photogenic. So, don’t forget your camera or a good phone camera.
- Tour Guide: If you want detailed information about the history and architecture of Panam City, you can take the help of a local tourist guide.
Sonargaon Folk Art and Craft Museum
Sonargaon Folk Art and Craft Museum is an important museum located in Sonargaon Upazila of Narayanganj district, Bangladesh. It was established in 1975 to preserve and display the history, tradition, and culture of Bangladeshi folk and traditional crafts. The museum is one of the main attractions of Sonargaon, where various examples of folk art from different regions of Bangladesh are preserved. Here, you can see traditional clothing such as Punjabis, saris, dhutis, and other heritage garments; ornaments, musical instruments, toys, and household items among many others. The museum is open daily from 9 AM to 5 PM with an entry fee of 100 Taka.
Foundation
The Sonargaon Folk Art and Craft Museum was established in 1975 under the management of the Bangladesh Folk Art Foundation. It was founded by Shilpacharya Zainul Abedin, whose initiative and leadership led to the establishment of this museum.
Collections of the Museum
The museum houses a rich collection of folk and traditional crafts from various parts of Bangladesh. Some notable collections include:
- Puppets: Various types of puppets representing the traditional folk art of Bengal.
- Woodwork: Various wooden items such as toys, household goods, and other sculptural works.
- Clay Work: Pottery, dolls, and other clay artifacts.
- Textiles: Traditional Jamdani saris, Nakshi Kantha, and other textile crafts.
- Metalwork: Bronze, brass, and other metal crafts.
The museum regularly organizes various exhibitions and workshops where local and international artisans participate and showcase their crafts. Additionally, educational programs and workshops are organized for students at the museum.
Facilities for Visitors
Sonargaon Folk Art and Craft Museum is open to visitors free of charge. Cultural and recreational activities are also organized around the museum. The museum is surrounded by beautiful gardens and water bodies, which add to the attraction for visitors.
This museum serves as a significant cultural institution in preserving and promoting the rich heritage of Bangladeshi folk and traditional crafts.
Bara Sardar Bari
Bara Sardar Bari is one of the main historical establishments in Sonargaon. It is an exceptional example of Sonargaon’s rich history and architectural style. Below is a brief description of Bara Sardar Bari:
Architectural Style and Construction Period
Bara Sardar Bari was built in 1901 by Zamindar Ishan Chandra Saha. It is a palace built in the Mughal architectural style, featuring several distinctive designs and craftsmanship. Inside the house, there are large rooms, open verandas, and picturesque balconies. The walls and ceilings of the house are adorned with murals and craftsmanship, showcasing beautiful examples of ancient Bengal architecture.
History
Bara Sardar Bari is deeply rooted in the zamindari history of Sonargaon. Zamindar Ishan Chandra Saha constructed this palace, which served as the residence for his family. During the zamindari era, this palace was a center for cultural and social activities.
Current Status
Currently, Bara Sardar Bari is utilized as a part of the Sonargaon Folk Art and Craft Museum. Local and foreign visitors come here to learn about the history and culture of Sonargaon. The museum showcases various exhibitions and traditional crafts in the various rooms and courtyard of Bara Sardar Bari.
Attraction for Visitors
The architectural style, history, and cultural significance of Bara Sardar Bari attract visitors who appreciate ancient Bengal’s architecture and historical places. It allows visitors to reminisce about the zamindari rule of old Bengal.
Bangladesh’s Taj Mahal: Monument of Love
Located in Sonargaon Upazila of Narayanganj district, Bangladesh’s Taj Mahal was built as a tribute by Ahsanullah Moni to his wife Rajia in 2003. Though smaller than Agra’s Taj Mahal, it is no less beautiful in any aspect. The entry fee here is 150 Taka.
Joynul Abedin Smriti Jadughar: Memorial of the Artist
This memorial, built in memory of the distinguished artist Joynul Abedin, is another special place in Sonargaon. It preserves his painted pictures, sketches, writings, and personal belongings. The memorial remains open for visitors every day from 9 AM to 5 PM, with an entry fee of 50 Taka.
Baradi: Esha Khan’s Memorialized Village
Baradi village was the capital of Esha Khan. Here, you can see Esha Khan’s palace, Sonali Mosque, and Loknath Brahmachari’s ashram. This village is renowned for its historical architecture and ancient memories.
Kadam Rasul Dargah
Kadam Rasul Dargah is a historical religious site in Sonargaon Upazila, Narayanganj district. This dargah is an important pilgrimage site for Muslim devotees, believed to house the footprint of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). It is also famous for its architectural style. The dargah remains open for seven days a week, from 9 AM to 5 PM, and is freely accessible to visitors without any entry fee.
Panch Pirer Mazar: Religious Pilgrimage Site
Panch Pirer Mazar, located in Bhagalpur village, is a popular religious site. Thousands of people come here every year to offer prayers.
How to Get There
To reach Sonargaon from Gulistan in Dhaka, you can take buses to Mograpara Chowrasta. BRTC AC buses are a good option, costing around 55 Taka per person. Non-AC buses from Swadesh and Doel services are also available, charging about 40 Taka per person. From Mograpara Chowrasta, you can take a rickshaw directly to any tourist attraction in Sonargaon. Additionally, you can hire a private car or microbus for direct travel.
Some Recommendations
- Sonargaon is quite close to Dhaka, so you can bring homemade food from home.
- There aren’t many good options for food within Sonargaon itself, so it’s better to bring food with you.
- If you leave early in the morning from around Dhaka, you can spend the whole day exploring.
- Don’t forget to bring a camera or a good phone camera, as Sonargaon has great spots for taking pictures.
- Dispose of trash at designated places and maintain respectful behavior with staff at tourist spots.
Conclusion
Sonargaon is a historically and culturally rich place. Exploring here will provide you with new information about Bangladesh’s history and culture. The notable attractions in Sonargaon such as Panam City, Bengal’s Taj Mahal, Lok and Karu Shilpo Jadughar, Joynul Abedin Smriti Jadughar, Baradi, and many others will make your trip more exciting and memorable. Therefore, consider including Sonargaon in your upcoming vacation plans.
What is Sonargaon?
Sonargaon is a historic city in Bangladesh, located near Dhaka. It was once an ancient capital and a prominent center for trade, culture, and administration.
How do I get to Sonargaon from Dhaka?
You can reach Sonargaon from Dhaka by bus. Buses leave from Dhaka's Gulistan area towards Mograpara Chourasta. AC buses like Borak and non-AC buses like Swadesh and Doel Service are available. The journey takes around an hour.
What are the main attractions in Sonargaon?
Key attractions include Panam City, Sonargaon Folk Art and Craft Museum, Zainul Abedin Museum, Baradi, the Golden Mosque, the Kadam Rasul Dargah, and the Tomb of Five Saints (Panch Pir Mazar).
What are the opening hours of the Sonargaon Folk Art and Craft Museum?
The Sonargaon Folk Art and Craft Museum is open daily from 9 AM to 5 PM.
Is there an entry fee for visiting the museums and historical sites in Sonargaon?
Yes, entry fees apply for various sites. For example, the entry fee for the Folk Art and Craft Museum is 100 Taka, and for the Zainul Abedin Museum, it is 50 Taka. However, the Kadam Rasul Dargah does not charge an entry fee.